I’ve seen this photograph very frequently on tumblr and Facebook, always with the simple caption, “Ghost Heart”. What exactly is a ghost heart?
More than 3,200 people are on the waiting list for a heart
transplant in the United States. Some won’t survive the wait. Last year,
340 died before a new heart was found.The
solution: Take a pig heart, soak it in an ingredient commonly found in
shampoo and wash away the cells until you’re left with a protein
scaffold that is to a heart what two-by-four framing is to a house.
Then
inject that ghost heart, as it’s called, with hundreds of millions of
blood or bone-marrow stem cells from a person who needs a heart
transplant, place it in a bioreactor - a box with artificial lungs and
tubes that pump oxygen and blood into it - and wait as the ghost heart
begins to mature into a new, beating human heart.
Doris Taylor,
director of regenerative medicine research at the Texas Heart Institute
at St. Luke’s Episcopal Hospital in Houston, has been working on this—
first using rat hearts, then pig hearts and human hearts - for years.
The
process is called decellularization and it is a tissue engineering
technique designed to strip out the cells from a donor organ, leaving
nothing but connective tissue that used to hold the cells in place.
This
scaffold of connective tissue - called a “ghost organ” for its pale and
almost translucent appearance - can then be reseeded with a patient’s
own cells, with the goal of regenerating an organ that can be
transplanted into the patient without fear of tissue rejection.
This
ghost heart is ready to be injected with a transplant recipient’s stem
cells so a new heart - one that won’t be rejected - can be grown.
28.3.14
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