Engineering in Geology,geophysics,what is geology

Engineering Geology:-Engineering Geology is the application of geological sciences, engineering practice for the purpose of ensuring that the geologic factors that identified the location, design, construction, operation and maintenance of technical work and adequately addressed. Engineering geologists investigate and grateful geological and geotechnical recommendations, analysis and design of human development. The realm of the geologist is mainly in the field of earth-structure interaction, or examine how the earth or earth processes, effects of human made structures and human activities.

Engineering geological investigations can in the planning, environmental, civil or structural engineering design, value engineering and construction of public and private construction projects are carried out and during the post-construction phases of projects and forensic medicine. Works completed include, by engineering geologists, geological hazards, geotechnical, material properties, landslide and slope stability, erosion, flooding, drainage and seismic investigations, etc. Engineering geologic studies by a geologist or geologists who formed, trained and implemented has gained experience to the recognition and interpretation of natural processes in context, understanding how these processes influence of man-made structures (and vice versa), and knowledge about methods to mitigate that for hazards resulting from adverse natural or man-made conditions. The main objective of the geologist is to protect life and property against damage caused by geological conditions.

Engineering geology practice is also closely related to the practice of engineering geology, geotechnical engineering, soils, environmental geology and economic geology together. If it describes a difference in the content of the disciplines, it is mainly the training or experience of the practitioner.

History:

Although the science of geology has existed since the 18th Century, at least in its modern form, the science and practice of engineering geology as a recognized discipline not begin until the late 19th and early 20 Century. The first book, entitled Engineering Geology was published in 1880 by William Penning. In the early 20th Charles Berkey century, an American geologist trained, was the first American geologists, a number of projects for water supply in New York City worked, and later worked on the Hoover Dam and a variety of other technical projects. The first U.S. engineering geology textbook was written in 1914 by Ries and Watson. In 1925, Karl Terzaghi, an Austrian-trained engineer and geologist, the first text in soil mechanics (in German) published. Terzaghi is known as the father of soil mechanics, but also had a strong interest in geology, soil mechanics, Terzaghi considered a sub-discipline of engineering geology are. In 1929, Terzaghi, together with Redlich and Kampe published their engineering geology text (in German).

The need for geologists in civil engineering won worldwide attention in 1928 with the failure of the St. Francis Dam in California and the loss of 426 lives. More technical failures that occurred the following years also prompted the demand for engineering geologists working on large engineering projects.
History:
In 1951 one of the earliest definitions of “engineering geologist” or “Professional Engineering Geologist” was the head of the Department of Engineering Geology of the Geological Society of America provided.

 
Practice:

One of the main tasks of the engineering geologist is the interpretation of landforms and soil processes in order could affect the possible geological and related man-made hazards, the civil structures and human development to identify. Almost all engineering geologists are first trained and educated in geology, especially during their undergraduate education. This background in geology provides the geologist with an understanding of how the Earth works, which is crucial in mitigating associated risks of the earth. The majority of engineering geologists and accounts, where they won special education and training in soil mechanics, rock mechanics, geotechnical, groundwater, hydrology and planning. These two aspects of the engineering geologist of Education offers a unique ability to understand and mitigate the potential problems associated with the soil-structure interaction.


Scope of the studies:

Engineering geological investigations are carried out:

* For residential, commercial and industrial developments;
* For government and military installations;
* For public works, such as a power plant, wind turbines, transmission line, wastewater treatment plant, pipeline (aqueduct, sewer, outfall), tunnel, trenchless construction, canal, dam, dam, building, rail, transit, highway, bridge – seismic retrofit, airport and parking;
* For mining and quarrying excavations, Mine Tailing dam, mine reclamation and my tunnel;
* To restore wetlands and habitat programs;
* For Coastal Engineering, sand replenishment, bluff or sea cliff stability, harbor, pier and port development;
* For offshore estuary, offshore and subsea pipelines, subsea cables, and
* For other types of facilities.