India is the largest producer of films in the world. We all know about Bollywood, but how many of us know about the existence of so many other regional cinema?
These are the film industries in India:
Bollywood:
The biggest film industry in the country, it has been named after 'Bombay', from where it operates. Traditionally, it has been ruled by stars, but this year has seen scripts, scriptwriters and directors take center stage, with many performer-actors rising in popularity.
Kollywood: The Tamil film industry is named after Kodambakam, an area in Chennai, which used to be the hub of all filmi activity in Tamil Nadu. Kollywood is the second largest film industry in India. In Tamil films Music plays an important role with acclaimed composers such as Ilaiyaraaja and A. R. Rahman having "international following". Tamil films are distributed to various parts of Asia, Southern Africa, Northern America, Europe and Oceania. The industry has inspired Tamil film-making in Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Singapore and Canada.
Tollywood: The Telugu film industry, which is one of the bigger ones in the country, is named after the language of Andhra Pradesh. This industry is known for making total commercial entertainers. If Telugu has inspired the name in Andhra, in Bengal, it is the area of Tollygunge that is responsible for it's name. An industry that's known to produce the most 'quality' films, it is synonymous with directors who've altered the course of parallel cinema in India like Satyajit Ray.
Sandalwood: Considering the fact that Karnataka has many sandalwood forests, one doesn't have to look too far to spot the inspiration. The industry has produced many matinee idols, but the names that have made a national mark are directors like Girish Kasaravalli, MS Sathyu and Girish Karnad.
Mollywood (Malayalam):
Kerala's film industry is called Mollywood because of Malayalam language. This industry is also known for its art house cinema.
Mollywood (Marathi):Just like Kerala, Maharashtra's film industry has been christened Mollywood because of its operating language Marathi. This industry has a right mix of class and mass. One of the first Indian film industries to come up.
Mollywood (Manipuri)
Manipuri film industry has been christened based on the first letter of the state's name. Manipuri films seek inspiration from bollywood and are complete entertainers.
Gollywood:
Gujarat's film industry is called so because of its regional language, Gujarati. This is one of the older industries with its first film dating back to 1932.
Tollywood (Tollygunge):
The Bengali language cinematic tradition of Tollygunge located in West Bengal has had reputable filmmakers such as Satyajit Ray, Ritwik Ghatak and Mrinal Sen among its most acclaimed.
The history of cinema in Bengal dates back to the 1890's, when the first "bioscopes" were shown in theaters in Kolkata.
In 1932, the name "Tollywood" was coined for the Bengali film industry due to Tollygunge rhyming with "Hollywood" and because it was the center of the Indian film industry at the time.
Pollywood:
No prizes for guessing this one. The Punjabi film industry takes its name from the language. Punjabi films also date back a long time. Recent years have seen a revival of the industry, with many popular Punjabi Bollywood actors doing films in their native tongue.
Ollywood:
Odisha calls its industry Ollywood because it is named after the region's language, Odia. Initially known to be a lesser famous sister of Bengali films, the industry has now branched out and earned its own space.
Lollywood:
Lambani, a nomadic community, have a film industry, albeit with just half a dozen films to boast of till now. They call it Lollywood based on the language. The films are made mainly in Karnataka, which happens to have many Lambanis living there.
Chhollywood:
It was born in 1965 with the first Chhattisgarhi film Kahi Debe Sandesh ("In Black and White") directed and produced by Manu Nayak was released. It was a story of inter-caste love and it is said that former Indian Prime minister Indira Gandhi watched the movie. Then came the next, Niranjan Tiwari's directed Ghar Dwar in 1971, produced by Vijay Kumar Pandey. However, both movies did not do well at the box office, and disappointed the producers. No movie was produced for nearly 30 years thereafter.
Konkani cinema:
Konkani language films are mainly produced in Goa. It is one of the smallest film industries in India with just 4 films produced in 2009. This language is spoken mainly in the states of Goa, Maharashtra and Karnataka and to a smaller extent in Kerala. The first full length Konkani film was Mogacho Anvddo, released on 24 April 1950, and was produced and directed by Jerry Braganza, a native of Mapusa, under the banner of Etica Pictures. Hence, 24 April is celebrated as Konkani Film Day.
Sindhi Cinema:
Though Striving hard to survive, mainly because not having a state or region to represent, Sindhi film industry has been producing movies in intervals of time. The very first Sindhi movie produced in India was 1958 film Abana which was a success throughout the country.
Bhojpuri language films predominantly cater to people who live in the regions of western Bihar and eastern Uttar Pradesh. These films also have a large audience of like in the cities of Delhi and Mumbai due to migration to these metros from the Bhojpuri speaking region. Besides. It's history begins in 1962 with the well-received film 'Ganga Maiyya Tohe Piyari Chadhaibo '("Mother Ganges, I will offer you a yellow sari"), which was directed by Kundan Kumar.
We also have:
Assamese film industryTulu film industry
If there is any other regional film industry that is not mentioned here, feel free to write it in the comments.
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